GPT2w模型在中国大陆地区的精度分析     

陈发源  王新志  金双根 《南京气象学院学报》2021,13(2):145-153

全球气温气压（GPT）系列模型可用于计算全球任意位置的气温、气压和水汽压等各种气象参数,目前国内外广泛使用且精度较高的全球气温气压模型主要为GPT2w模型.本文利用2012—2016年中国大陆地区102个国家气象站实测的气温、气压和水汽压数据对GPT2w模型进行精度分析.结果表明：GPT2w模型的气温误差均值为-0.45 ℃,标准偏差均值为10.04 ℃;气压误差均值为2.05 hPa,标准偏差均值为6.55 hPa;水汽压误差均值为0.11 hPa,标准偏差均值为6.15 hPa.总体而言,GPT2w模型计算出的气温、气压和水汽压值在中国大陆大部分地区具有较高的精度.同时,三种气象参数的精度在中国大陆地区分布不均匀,不同纬度区间存在一定差异且以年为周期均具有明显的季节性.  相似文献   

实时天气背景依赖的反射率因子间接同化及多暴雨个例试验          下载免费PDF全文

黄静  陈耀登  陈海琴  王黎娟 《大气科学》2022,46(3):691-706

为避免直接同化时反射率非线性观测算子线性化带来的线性近似误差问题,目前许多研究和业务中还常采用间接同化方式来同化雷达反射率因子,其通过背景场温度判定水凝物类型及比例。基于一种实时天气背景依赖的雷达反射率因子间接同化方案,进行了4次暴雨过程（2次强对流,2次锋面）的循环同化及预报试验。结果表明:对于强对流暴雨个例,相对于传统温度判定方案,天气背景依赖方案的温度预报误差更小、降水预报评分更高,而对于锋面过程区别不明显;进一步机理分析表明,对于强对流暴雨个例,由于背景依赖方案在同化反射率因子时引入了实时天气背景信息,使得分析场水凝物结构能够更好表征实际对流特征且与其它模式变量更为协调,进而改善了模式预报的热、动力及水汽条件,从而改善了降雨预报效果;而锋面暴雨由浅对流过程占主导,水凝物以低层的雨水为主导,冰相水凝物对于该过程的影响较小,由于两种方案反演的雨水结构和量级均相似,因此降雨预报差异较小。  相似文献   

Annual Frequency of Tropical Cyclones Directly Affecting Guangdong Province:Prediction Based on LSTM-FC     

胡娅敏  陈韵竹  何健  刘圣军  闫文杰  赵亮  汪明圣  李芷卉  王娟怀  董少柔  刘新儒 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(1):45-56

Tropical cyclone (TC) annual frequency forecasting is significant for disaster prevention and mitigation in Guangdong Province. Based on the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and NOAA Extended Reconstructed global sea surface temperature (SST) V5 data in winter, the TC frequency climatic features and prediction models have been studied. During 1951-2019, 353 TCs directly affected Guangdong with an annual average of about 5.1. TCs have experienced an abrupt change from abundance to deficiency in the mid to late 1980 with a slightly decreasing trend and a normal distribution. 338 primary precursors are obtained from statistically significant correlation regions of SST, sea level pressure, 1000hPa air temperature, 850hPa specific humidity, 500hPa geopotential height and zonal wind shear in winter. Then those 338 primary factors are reduced into 19 independent predictors by principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and the Long Short-term Memory Networks and Fully Connected Layers (LSTM-FC) models are constructed relying on the above 19 factors. For three different kinds of test sets from 2010 to 2019, 2011 to 2019 and 2010 to 2019, the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of MLR, GPR and LSTM-FC between prediction and observations fluctuate within the range of 1.05-2.45, 1.00-1.93 and 0.71-0.95 as well as the average absolute errors (AAEs) 0.88-1.0, 0.75-1.36 and 0.50-0.70, respectively. As for the 2010-2019 experiment, the mean deviations of the three model outputs from the observation are 0.89, 0.78 and 0.56, together with the average evaluation scores 82.22, 84.44 and 88.89, separately. The prediction skill comparisons unveil that LSTM-FC model has a better performance than MLR and GPR. In conclusion, the deep learning model of LSTM-FC may shed light on improving the accuracy of short-term climate prediction about TC frequency. The current research can provide experience on the development of deep learning in this field and help to achieve further progress of TC disaster prevention and mitigation in Guangdong Province.  相似文献   

2021年夏季中国气候异常特征及主要气象灾害   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐懿  蔡雯悦  翟建青  王素萍  刘远  陈逸骁  高歌  王国复 《干旱气象》2022,40(2):179-186

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增暖背景下北极涛动对新疆冬季平均气温的影响     

陈颖  贾孜拉·拜山  邵伟玲  刘精 《干旱气象》2022,40(2):195-201

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基于WRFDA-Chem三维变分同化系统的中国PM2.5和PM10资料同化试验北大核心CSCD     

魏颖  赵秀娟  张自银  徐敬  刘志权  孙溦  陈丹 《气候与环境研究》2022,27(5):653-668

将大气化学三维变分同化系统WRFDA_Chem引入睿图—化学环境气象数值预报系统(RMAPS-Chem),利用2016年11月地面观测细颗粒物(PM2.5)和颗粒物(PM10)逐小时质量浓度资料进行同化预报试验:6 h循环同化结果表明,WRFDA-Chem对初始场PM2.5和PM10的模拟偏差和相关性有显著改善,均方根误差(RMSE)减小40%左右,相关性提高0.27~0.37;同化对预报改进能持续24 h以上,PM2.5(PM10)浓度预报RMSE降低25%(10%),相关性提升14%(25%);加密同化频次(逐小时循环同化)进一步改进预报效果。未来需要进一步开展同化数据质量控制方案研究以优化业务预报效果,并在深入理解模式不确定性和偏差来源的情况下,进一步开展模式和同化系统的协同发展。  相似文献   

A Comprehensive Observational Analysis for the Effects of Gas Cannons on Clouds and Precipitation     

吴彬  王丹丹  李艳芳  尹浩  杜爽  黎朋红 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(2):237-251

To analyze the effects of gas cannons on clouds and precipitation, multisource observational data, including those from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis, Hangzhou and Huzhou new-generation weather radars, laser disdrometer, ground-based automatic weather station, wind profiler radar, and Lin''an C-band dual polarization radar, were adopted in this study. Based on the variational dual-Doppler wind retrieval method and the polarimetric variables obtained by the dual-polarization radar, we analyzed the microphysical processes and the variations in the macro - and microphysical quantities in clouds from the perspective of the synoptic background before precipitation enhancement, the polarization echo characteristics before, during and after enhancement, and the evolution of the fine three-dimensional kinematic structure and the microphysical structure. The results show that the precipitation enhancement operation promoted the development of radar echoes and prolonged their duration, and both the horizontal and vertical wind speeds increased. The dual-polarization radar echo showed that the diameter of the precipitation particles increased, and the concentration of raindrops increased after precipitation enhancement. The raindrops were lifted to a height corresponding to 0 to -20 ℃ due to vertical updrafts. Based on the disdrometer data during precipitation enhancement, the concentration of small raindrops (lgNw) showed a significant increase, and the mass-weighted diameter Dm value decreased, indicating that the precipitation enhancement operation played a certain“lubricating”effect. After the precipitation enhancement, the concentration of raindrops did not change much compared with that during the enhancement process, while the Dm increased, corresponding to an increase in rain intensity. The results suggest the positive effect of gas cannons on precipitation enhancement.  相似文献   

CMIP6全球气候模式对中国年平均日最高气温和最低气温模拟的评估北大核心CSCD          下载免费PDF全文

谢文强  王双双  延晓冬 《气候与环境研究》2022,27(1):63-78

选取CMIP6历史模拟试验26个模式数据,以CN05.1数据作为观测资料,对1961~2014年中国年平均最高气温和最低气温变化模拟能力进行评估。结果表明:1961~2014年,中国年均最高气温和最低气温均存在上升的趋势。最高气温增长速率为2.15℃/100 a;最低气温增长速率为3.92℃/100 a,约为最高气温增长速率的两倍。CMIP6模式都能模拟出这种长时间尺度的变化趋势,但不同模式模拟能力存在一定差异,模式间离散度达到0.38℃/100 a(最高气温)和0.41℃/100 a(最低气温)。模式中BCC-ESM1和EC-Earth3模式对这两种趋势的模拟效果最好。CMIP6模式可以较好地模拟出中国范围内的最高气温和最低气温空间分布特征。中国范围内,大部分模式模拟结果与观测呈正相关的格点所占比例分别为82%(最高气温)和97%(最低气温),模拟结果具有明显的地域性。对于气候平均态,CMIP6模式可以较好地模拟出最高最低气温空间分布特征,对于整个中国东部地区,最高最低气温模拟结果的模式间标准差均在3℃以内,一致性较高,在西部地区差异较大,青藏高原地区达到6℃以上。GISS-E2-1-G和MRI-ESM2-0可以很好地模拟出1961~2014年中国最高气温和最低气温经验正交分解(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)主要模态及其时间演变。总体来说,CMIP6模式对中国年均最高气温和最低气温的气候态空间分布以及变化趋势等方面,具备较好的模拟能力。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Radar Echo Parameters and Microphysical Structure Simulation of a Short-Time Heavy Precipitation Supercell     

赵桂香  王一颉  连志鸾 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(4):388-404

By using the conventional observations, radar data, NCEP/NCAR FNL 1o×1o reanalysis data and numerical simulation data and with the construction and calculation of radar echo parameters, this paper presents the structural characteristics and physical processes of a short-time heavy precipitation supercell that occurred in the squall line process in Shanxi Province on 24 June 2020. The results show that this squall line event occurred in front of a surface cold front, combined with infiltration of low-level cold air and continuous increase of near-surface humidity in the afternoon. The surface mesoscale convergence line and mesoscale dew point front contributed to the development and systemization of the squall line by a large degree. The short-time extremely heavy precipitation in Pingshun County was caused by the development of a supercell from thunderstorm cells on the front side of the squall line. The characteristics of sharp increase in vertical integral liquid water content, persistent increase in reflectivity factor and continuous rise in the echo top height appeared about 23 min earlier than the severe precipitation, which has qualitative indicating significance for the nowcasting of short-time heavy precipitation. A quantitative analysis of the radar echo parameters suggests that the “sudden drop”of FV40 was a precursor signal of cells’coalescence and rapid development to the mature stage. The areal change of the echo core at the 6 km height was highly subject to the merging and developing of cells, the rapid change of hydrometeor particles in clouds and the precipitation intensity. Changes in the cross-sectional area of convective cells at different heights can indirectly reflect the changes of liquid particles and ice particles in clouds, which is indicatively meaningful for predicting the coalescing and developing-to-maturing of cells and heavy precipitation 30-45 min earlier. A comprehensive echo parameter prediction model constructed by the random forest principle can predict the magnitude of short-time heavy precipitation 40-50 min in advance. Numerical simulation reveals that large amounts of water vapor existed in the near-surface atmosphere, and that the cells rapidly obtained moisture from the ambient atmosphere and developed rapidly through maternal feeding. The cold cloud zone was narrow, upright and had a high stretch height. The upward motion in clouds was strong and deep, and very rich in liquid water content. The graupel particles had a large vertical distribution range, the coexistence area of graupel and snow was large, the height of raindrops was close to the surface with a wide horizontal scale, and the precipitation efficiency was high. These may be the important elements responsible for the occurrence of the short-time heavy precipitation that exceeded historical extreme values. On the basis of the above analyses, a comprehensive parameter (CP) prediction model is worked out, which can estimate the developing trend of supercells and the intensity of short-time heavy precipitation about 1 h in advance.  相似文献   

2014~2020年东部沿海典型城市甲醛柱浓度年际变化研究          下载免费PDF全文

谭琦馨  葛宝珠  王大玮  潘小乐  王君华  陈学舜  杨文夷  陈焕盛  杨颖川  张颖  王自发 《气候与环境研究》2022,27(2):276-284

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